Государственный контракт
По итогам открытого аукциона в электронной форме заключен государственный контракт на оказание услуг, поставщик не приступил к оказанию услуг и через месяц государственный контракт был расторгнут по соглашению сторон без претензий друг к другу. Можно ли заключить госконтракт с предыдущим участником аукциона или надо проводить новый аукцион? В предмете аукциона срок оказания услуг с 01. 05. 12 г. до 30. 09.12 г.
Ответ:
В соответствии с ч. 8 ст. 9 Федерального закона от 21. 07. 2005 г. № 94-ФЗ «О размещении заказов на поставки товаров, выполнение работ, оказание услуг для государственных и муниципальных нужд» (далее — Закон № 94-ФЗ) расторжение контракта допускается по соглашению сторон или решению суда по основаниям, предусмотренным гражданским законодательством.
Согласно ч. 8.1 ст. 9 Закона № 94-ФЗ в случае расторжения контракта в связи с неисполнением или ненадлежащим исполнением поставщиком (исполнителем, подрядчиком) своих обязательств по такому контракту заказчик вправе заключить контракт с участником размещения заказа, с которым в соответствии с Законом № 94-ФЗ заключается контракт при уклонении победителя торгов от заключения контракта, — т.е. с участником, который предложил такую же, как и победитель открытого аукциона, цену контракта либо предложение о цене контракта которого содержит лучшие условия по цене контракта, следующие после предложенных победителем открытого аукциона условий (ч. 13 ст. 41.12 Закона № 94-ФЗ), с согласия такого участника размещения заказа.
Таким образом, заказчик вправе заключить новый контракт с указанным участником, только если контракт с победителем аукциона был расторгнут по соглашению сторон или по решению суда в связи с неисполнением или ненадлежащим исполнением таким победителем своих обязательств по контракту (см. также п. 4 Обзора разъяснений законодательства о размещении заказов на поставки товаров, выполнение работ, оказание услуг для государственных и муниципальных нужд, подготовленного Управлением контроля размещения государственного заказа ФАС России, июнь 2012 г.). Иными словами, правила, изложенные в ч. 8.1 ст. 9 Закона № 94-ФЗ, не требуют, чтобы контракт был расторгнут исключительно по судебному решению, однако они требуют, чтобы он был расторгнут именно в связи с неисполнением или ненадлежащим исполнением поставщиком (подрядчиком, исполнителем) своих обязательств по контракту. Сказанное подтверждается судебной практикой (см., например, решение Арбитражного суда Свердловской области от 28. 09. 2009 г. № А60-24716/2009-С12).
Соответственно, во избежание претензий со стороны контролирующих органов по поводу заключения нового контракта в соответствии с ч. 8.1 ст. 9 Закона № 94-ФЗ в соглашении о расторжении контракта (иных документах, отражающих волеизъявление сторон) должно быть указано, что он расторгается именно по этой причине. В противном случае доказывание правомерности заключения нового контракта с другим участником аукциона может быть затруднительным.
При этом в силу ч. 8.1 ст. 9 Закона № 94-ФЗ контракт заключается с таким участником на условиях, предусмотренных ч. 10 ст. 41.12 данного закона, т.е. на условиях, указанных в извещении о проведении открытого аукциона в электронной форме и документации об открытом аукционе в электронной форме, по цене, предложенной таким участником открытого аукциона. Лишь в случае, если до расторжения контракта исполнителем частично исполнены обязательства по такому контракту, при заключении нового контракта объем оказываемых услуг (и, соответственно, их цена) уменьшаются с учетом объема оказанных услуг по контракту, ранее заключенному с победителем аукциона.
Как видно, Закон № 94-ФЗ не предусматривает возможности уменьшения объема услуг или сроков их оказания по сравнению с тем, как они определены в извещении о проведении аукциона (документации об аукционе), для каких-либо других случаев — например, для случаев, когда потребность в этих услугах объективно отпадает (в т.ч. в связи с истечением периода времени, в котором эти услуги должны быть оказаны). Таким образом, новый контракт может быть заключен только на тех условиях об объеме услуг и сроках их оказания, которые идентичны первоначальным условиям (со сроком оказания услуг с 1 мая по 30 сентября 2012 года).
В то же время следует учитывать, что, даже если контракт будет заключен позднее указанного в нем срока начала оказания услуг, обязательства по оказанию услуг в соответствующей части (подлежащих оказанию до момента заключения договора) в любом случае не возникнет, ибо в случае принятия обязательств по исполнению явно невозможных действий (изначальная объективная невозможность исполнения договора) договор в соответствующей части (ст. 180 ГК РФ) не влечет юридических последствий (действует принцип: нельзя обязываться к невозможному).
Соответственно, за неоказание таких услуг исполнитель не может быть привлечен к какой-либо ответственности (п. 1 ст. 167 ГК РФ). А у заказчика, в свою очередь, не возникнет обязанности по оплате фактически не оказанных услуг.
В любом случае закон не запрещает заказчику разместить заказ повторно на оказание услуг, которые не были оказаны по причине расторжения договора по соглашению сторон. В этом случае заказ должен быть размещен в порядке, установленном Законом № 94-ФЗ.
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